Introduction to UNIX Operating System:
- Developed in 1970s at Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie.
- Written in C and assembly language.
- Designed as portable, multi-tasking and multi-user.
History Of UNIX:
MULTICS
- Started in mid-1960s as joint project of MIT, Bell Labs and General Electric.
- It was a time sharing operating system.
UNICS
- The project was developed in 1970 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
UNIX
- Written in C programming language in 1972.
- In 1975, the first source license for UNIX was sold to University Of Illions.
UNIX OS Variants:
- The variants of UNIX Operating System, the table illustrates thevendors and the corresponding operating system released by the vendors.
- The most prominent UNIX Operating Systems used in present environments are:
- SUN or Oracle with its Solaris operating system.
- IBM with AIX operating system.
- Hewlett Packard with HP-UX operating system.
- Apple with MacOS X server operating system.
- Berkeley Software Design Inc. with FreeBSD UNIX operating system.
- Also, Linux is the leading UNIX-like operating system.
Introduction to Linux:
- Linux is a UNIX like computer OS.
- Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
- Source model can be Open-source or Proprietary.
- Available for Mobile devices, Desktops, Servers, Mainframes and Supercomputers.
- 35% of Internet Servers and 99% of Supercomputers are powered by Linux OS.
Compare Linux & UNIX:
- Linux shares similar architecture and concepts from UNIX. Additionally, Linux Kernel and other components are free and open-source software.
- Linux was originally developed for Intel's x86 hardware while UNIX was originally designed for x86 and Itanium systems, while MAC OSX is compliant with PowerPC/x86/x64 systems.
Popular Linux Distributions:
- Red Hat- A Billion Dollar commercial Linux Company developing Linus, editions supported are Fedora (free edition) and CentOS (free,community supported).
- Ubuntu Linux- Free Linux version from Canonical Company. Popular among home users. Provides graphical Linux Desktop without any need to access command line.
- Debian- Extremely popular among advanced users due to its technical excellence and expectations from Linux community. Example Kali Linux.
- Arch Linux- Supported on x86-64 hardware architecture. Arch Linux ARM is a prominent version, used on devices like BeagleBoard, Raspberry Pi and Trimslice.
- Slackware Linux- Created in 1993, is one of the oldest distributions of Linux. OpenSUSE is a descendent of Slackware Linux.
- BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions)- A GNU Linux developed in INDIA by C-DAC Chennai. Used on Desktop PCs of GOVERNMENT Of INDIA Employees.
Companies Using Linux:
Red Hat OS variants:
RED HAT is the most popular Linux version used in Commercial Market. However RED HAT Enterprise Linux is not directly rolled out in companies, rather it is released in various variants like Fedora, CentOS and RHEL. Each of the variants are explained as:
Fedora:
- Free, community driven, run by Red Hat company.
- Focused on quick releases (~ 6 months)
Red Hat Enterprise:
- Commercial version based on Fedora
- Focused on long stable release
CentOS (Community ENTprise Operating System):
- Free version based on commercial Red Hat
- Community supported, stable features
Name of Student: Harsh Tiwari
Faculty Name: Naresh Sir
Roll No: JK-ENR-SW-1621
Date: 19-02-2018
Session Name: Introduction to Unix/Linux
Summary of learning: Learning about UNIX & Linux
- The project was developed in 1970 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
UNIX
- Written in C programming language in 1972.
- In 1975, the first source license for UNIX was sold to University Of Illions.
UNIX OS Variants:
- The variants of UNIX Operating System, the table illustrates thevendors and the corresponding operating system released by the vendors.
- The most prominent UNIX Operating Systems used in present environments are:
- SUN or Oracle with its Solaris operating system.
- IBM with AIX operating system.
- Hewlett Packard with HP-UX operating system.
- Apple with MacOS X server operating system.
- Berkeley Software Design Inc. with FreeBSD UNIX operating system.
- Also, Linux is the leading UNIX-like operating system.
Introduction to Linux:
- Linux is a UNIX like computer OS.
- Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
- Source model can be Open-source or Proprietary.
- Available for Mobile devices, Desktops, Servers, Mainframes and Supercomputers.
- 35% of Internet Servers and 99% of Supercomputers are powered by Linux OS.
Compare Linux & UNIX:
- Linux shares similar architecture and concepts from UNIX. Additionally, Linux Kernel and other components are free and open-source software.
- Linux was originally developed for Intel's x86 hardware while UNIX was originally designed for x86 and Itanium systems, while MAC OSX is compliant with PowerPC/x86/x64 systems.
Popular Linux Distributions:
- Red Hat- A Billion Dollar commercial Linux Company developing Linus, editions supported are Fedora (free edition) and CentOS (free,community supported).
- Ubuntu Linux- Free Linux version from Canonical Company. Popular among home users. Provides graphical Linux Desktop without any need to access command line.
- Debian- Extremely popular among advanced users due to its technical excellence and expectations from Linux community. Example Kali Linux.
- Arch Linux- Supported on x86-64 hardware architecture. Arch Linux ARM is a prominent version, used on devices like BeagleBoard, Raspberry Pi and Trimslice.
- Slackware Linux- Created in 1993, is one of the oldest distributions of Linux. OpenSUSE is a descendent of Slackware Linux.
- BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions)- A GNU Linux developed in INDIA by C-DAC Chennai. Used on Desktop PCs of GOVERNMENT Of INDIA Employees.
Companies Using Linux:
Red Hat OS variants:
Fedora:
- Free, community driven, run by Red Hat company.
- Focused on quick releases (~ 6 months)
Red Hat Enterprise:
- Commercial version based on Fedora
- Focused on long stable release
CentOS (Community ENTprise Operating System):
- Free version based on commercial Red Hat
- Community supported, stable features
Name of Student: Harsh Tiwari
Faculty Name: Naresh Sir
Roll No: JK-ENR-SW-1621
Date: 19-02-2018
Session Name: Introduction to Unix/Linux
Faculty Name: Naresh Sir
Roll No: JK-ENR-SW-1621
Date: 19-02-2018
Session Name: Introduction to Unix/Linux
Summary of learning: Learning about UNIX & Linux
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